Fetal Development: Most Effective Supplements

Fetal development is greatly influenced by the quality of maternal nutrition. A balanced diet during pregnancy is essential for ensuring normal fetal growth, reducing perinatal complications, and preventing chronic diseases in adulthood.

Risks to Fetal Development

Insufficient intake of essential nutrients, such as proteins, folates, and iron, is associated with intrauterine growth restriction. This condition increases the risks of low birth weight, perinatal mortality, and neonatal complications (respiratory, neurological issues, etc.). Additionally, epidemiological studies show that individuals who experienced intrauterine growth restriction have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Maternal obesity and a diet too high in energy also disrupt fetal development. These conditions reduce placental and fetal blood flow, limiting the supply of oxygen and essential nutrients. They also increase the risks of macrosomia, obstetrical complications, and predisposition to metabolic diseases in the child.

Optimizing the Intrauterine Environment

Polyamines (small organic molecules) and nitrogen oxide (NO) play an important role in fetal development by regulating DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). A deficiency in arginine, a key precursor of NO, can reduce placental blood flow and lead to intrauterine growth restriction. Targeted supplementation with arginine could be essential for improving mother-fetus exchanges and promoting growth. Folates, or vitamin B9, also play a crucial role during pregnancy by supporting rapid cell growth and DNA formation, which are essential for fetal development. A folate deficiency can lead to serious neural tube defects, such as spina bifida or anencephaly. For this reason, health authorities recommend a daily intake of 400 to 800 µg of folic acid, starting from the pre-conception period and during the first trimester.