Hypothyroidism: the most effective dietary supplements

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces an insufficient amount of hormones (T3 and T4), which slows the body's metabolism. This can be due to a problem with the thyroid gland itself, but also to a lack of stimulation by the TSH hormone, produced by the pituitary gland.

Causes

The causes of hypothyroidism can vary, including: • Autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. • Surgery or treatments (removal of the thyroid, radiotherapy). • Iodine deficiency, which can cause thyroid disorders in some regions of the world. • Congenital, with problems in thyroid development from birth. • Pituitary insufficiency, when the gland that stimulates the thyroid (the pituitary) does not function properly.

Symptoms

Hypothyroidism causes a slowing of the body's functions, with symptoms such as: • Fatigue, lack of energy. • Cold intolerance, a tendency to feel cold even when the weather is mild. • Moderate weight gain despite a normal diet. • Dry skin, brittle nails, dry hair or hair loss. • Constipation and digestive problems. • Slow heart rate (bradycardia). • Depression and slowed thinking. Affected individuals may also have a hoarser voice, a slightly puffy face, and snoring.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on several elements: • Symptoms, notably fatigue, weight gain and cold intolerance. • A blood test, which shows a high level of TSH (the thyroid-stimulating hormone) and a low level of T4 (one of the thyroid hormones). • Ultrasound, to examine the thyroid and understand the cause of the problem.

Treatment

Treatment consists of replacing the missing thyroid hormones. This is done with: • L-thyroxine, a medication that replaces the T4 hormone. The dose is adjusted to restore a normal hormone level in the blood. • Regular follow-up with tests to check that the dose is appropriate. In some rare cases, such as a coma due to severe hypothyroidism (myxedema coma), urgent medical care is necessary. During pregnancy, it is also important to adjust treatment doses to ensure the proper development of the baby.