Respiratory infections: most effective dietary supplements

Respiratory infections encompass various conditions that affect the respiratory system, from the upper airways (colds, pharyngitis) to more severe illnesses such as pneumonia. Common viruses responsible include the influenza virus, coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19), the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses and rhinoviruses. These viruses generally circulate seasonally, from fall to spring, but COVID-19 spreads year-round, with a potential peak in winter. Certain populations are more likely to develop severe forms of respiratory infections. Older adults, infants under one year of age (notably for RSV), immunocompromised individuals (e.g., people living with HIV or those on immunosuppressive treatment) and those with comorbidities (diabetes, heart or lung disease) have an increased risk of complications. Pregnant women are also among the vulnerable groups. Respiratory infections represent a significant public health burden, causing frequent hospitalizations and high demand for care during the winter season. For example, in France, annual epidemics of influenza and bronchiolitis require enhanced surveillance and prevention strategies such as vaccination.

Natural prevention

In addition to essential nutrients for immunity such as vitamin D, zinc and vitamin C, herbal medicine also offers valuable resources to get through the winter. In the context of respiratory infections, essential oils can be classified according to their specific actions, providing a targeted approach to relieve symptoms and support lung function: • Essential oils high in 1,8-cineole (Eucalyptol): oils such as those from Eucalyptus globulus, niaouli, myrtle and ravintsara are known for their antiviral, decongestant and mucolytic properties. They help thin secretions and assist in clearing the airways. • Essential oils with thymol and/or carvacrol: including thyme, mountain savory and oregano, these oils have antispasmodic and bronchodilator effects. They help reduce airway spasms and can be used to ease coughing fits. • Essential oils with eugenol: clove essential oil, rich in eugenol, is antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. It is particularly useful for soothing inflamed mucous membranes and relieving pain associated with respiratory infections. • Essential oils with pinenes: Scots pine essential oil, rich in pinenes, acts as a stimulant and airway decongestant. It promotes breathing when congested and can be used by inhalation to help open the bronchi. Soothing infusions of thyme, mallow, plantain and chamomile (Matricaria) can also be used to relieve throat irritation and help eliminate secretions.