Thyroid balance: the most effective dietary supplements

The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, produces two main hormones: T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). These hormones are essential to the body’s overall functioning. Their synthesis depends on the availability of iodine, the amino acid tyrosine, and several enzymatic cofactors such as selenium and zinc. Thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in regulating metabolism. T3, the active form, is involved in: • Thermogenesis: increasing the production of body heat via mitochondria. • Energy metabolism: stimulation of glycolysis and lipolysis, promoting energy production. • Growth: regulation of bone and brain development, particularly during childhood. • Cardiovascular function: increased heart rate and blood flow. • The nervous system: optimization of memory, concentration, and reflexes.

The delicate balance of thyroid hormones

The regulation of thyroid hormones relies on a feedback system involving the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid itself. This mechanism ensures that the levels of T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) in the blood remain within optimal limits to meet the body’s needs. The hypothalamus detects hormonal needs and releases TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), which stimulates the pituitary. The pituitary, in turn, produces TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), a key hormone that acts directly on the thyroid. Under the influence of TSH, the thyroid synthesizes and releases T4, a primarily inactive hormone, and T3, its active form. The majority of T4 is converted into T3 in peripheral tissues, notably the liver and kidneys, thanks to enzymes called deiodinases. T3 is responsible for the major biological effects of thyroid hormones, while T4 acts as a circulating reserve.

Importance of an appropriate diet

To maintain a healthy thyroid, it is essential to know the risk factors that can inhibit its function and the nutrients that support its balance. Among the inhibitors are stress, infections, trauma, as well as exposure to fluorides, bromides, pesticides, and heavy metals. Some diseases, such as celiac disease, can also disrupt its function. Conversely, specific nutrients play a key role in supporting the thyroid: iodine, iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, tyrosine, and vitamins such as A, B2, B3, B6, C, D, and E. These elements promote the production of T4 and its conversion into T3, ensuring optimal regulation of energy and metabolism.