Lactation: the most effective dietary supplements

Lactation is a central biological process in mammals, allowing the newborn to be nourished by breast milk. This complex phenomenon is under hormonal control, notably by prolactin, a hormone essential for the production and regulation of milk. This process offers multiple benefits, not only for the child, but also for the mother, both physically and emotionally.

Physiology of Lactation

Lactation relies on an interaction between endocrine and neurological mechanisms. Stimulation of the nerve endings at the areola and nipple triggers the secretion of prolactin by the anterior pituitary. This hormone plays a key role in stimulating the alveolar cells of the mammary glands to produce milk. At the same time, oxytocin, released during suckling, promotes milk ejection by contracting the myoepithelial cells. Prolactin is also regulated by hypothalamic factors. Dopamine acts as the main inhibitor of its secretion, while hormones such as thyrotropin and certain glucocorticoids can stimulate it. This delicate balance ensures adequate milk production according to the infant's needs.

Benefits of Lactation for Maternal Health

Lactation is not limited to feeding the infant. It also provides significant benefits for maternal health: • Accelerated Uterine Involution : The production of oxytocin promotes uterine contraction, thereby reducing postpartum bleeding and accelerating the return of the uterus to its normal size​. • Lactational Amenorrhea : During exclusive breastfeeding, prolactin inhibits ovarian activity, thereby reducing the risk of unintended pregnancy. This natural mechanism allows spacing of pregnancies, beneficial for the mother's reproductive health​. • Reduced Risk of Cancers : Breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of cancers of the breast, ovary, and endometrium. This protection is linked to a reduction in estrogen levels during lactation, thus limiting abnormal cellular proliferation. • Prevention of Metabolic Diseases : Breastfeeding mothers have a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, thanks to improved insulin sensitivity and mobilization of fat accumulated during pregnancy​. • Mental and Emotional Health : Breastfeeding stimulates the release of hormones such as oxytocin, fostering the mother-child bond, reducing stress levels and decreasing the risk of postpartum depression​.

Galactagogues: Stimulants of Lactation

Galactagogues can support mothers who have difficulty producing enough milk. Their goal is to stimulate breast milk production and improve the breastfeeding experience for mothers and their infants. Pharmacological galactagogues often act by increasing prolactin. Among natural galactagogues, plants such as fenugreek, fennel, ginger, and moringa are widely used. These plants act by promoting hormones involved in lactation, such as prolactin and oxytocin. For example, fenugreek is known to increase the volume of milk produced, although studies report variable effects depending on the individual. Moringa leaves are particularly prized in some cultures for their effectiveness in stimulating lactation, often consumed as soups or teas. In conclusion, while galactagogues can offer valuable support to breastfeeding mothers, their effectiveness depends on many individual factors. A holistic approach, including breastfeeding counseling and medical follow-up, remains essential to optimize outcomes and ensure a successful breastfeeding experience.