Hypercholesterolemia: the most effective dietary supplements

Hypercholesterolemia refers to an excessively high level of cholesterol in the blood, particularly the "bad" LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins). This imbalance can be related to genetic factors, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, or to lifestyle-related factors, such as diet and physical activity.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is based on blood tests that measure total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), and triglycerides. In suspected cases of familial hypercholesterolemia, genetic testing may be necessary to confirm a genetic abnormality. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria are sometimes used to assess risk, but genetic testing is the definitive diagnosis.

Risk factors

The main factors that increase the risk of developing hypercholesterolemia are:nn• Genetic factors: Some people inherit a hereditary form called familial hypercholesterolemia, caused by mutations in the LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 genes.nn• Lifestyle: A diet high in saturated fats, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can worsen the problem.nn• Medical conditions: Obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, or kidney problems such as nephrotic syndrome can also play a role.

Complications

If hypercholesterolemia is not controlled, it can lead to serious complications. Excess cholesterol deposits in the arteries, forming plaques that narrow blood vessels and increase the risks of:nn• Coronary artery disease (heart attacks)nn• Strokesnn• Peripheral arterial diseasenn• Heart failure

Treatment

Treatment combines lifestyle changes and medications to reduce cholesterol levels:Lifestyle modifications:nn• Adopt a healthier diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, and high in fiber and unsaturated fats (such as omega-3s).nn• Increase regular physical activity.nn• Stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption.nn• Lose weight if overweight or obese.nnDrug treatments:nn• Statins: First-line drugs that reduce the liver's production of LDL cholesterol.nn• Ezetimibe: Decreases cholesterol absorption in the intestine and is often used with statins.nn• Bile acid sequestrants: These drugs help eliminate cholesterol via the intestine, although they are used less often.nn• PCSK9 inhibitors: Used in severe cases of hypercholesterolemia, especially if statins are not sufficiently effective.

Prevention

Prevention of hypercholesterolemia is based on the same principles as treatment:nn• Have a balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats.nn• Exercise regularly.nn• Do not smoke and limit alcohol.nn• Have your cholesterol levels monitored regularly, especially if family members suffer from hypercholesterolemia.nn