Fibromyalgia: most effective dietary supplements

Fibromyalgia is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain, severe fatigue, sleep disturbances, and often cognitive and emotional symptoms such as depression and anxiety. This disorder affects between 2% and 4% of the population, with a predominance in women.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia remains poorly understood. Research highlights several factors, notably central sensitization, meaning the central nervous system reacts excessively to painful stimuli. Hormonal disturbances and imbalances in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and substance P, are also involved. The role of mitochondria in energy metabolism also appears central, with observations of mitochondrial dysfunction that increase the production of free radicals and contribute to oxidative stress. This oxidative stress appears to be a key factor in the onset and progression of the disease, creating a vicious cycle of intensified pain and fatigue.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is mainly based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, including widespread pain for more than three months affecting multiple areas of the body, and the presence of specific tender points on palpation. These pains are often accompanied by chronic fatigue, sleep disturbances, and other somatic symptoms.

Symptoms

People with fibromyalgia complain of widespread pain, often felt as burning sensations or muscle stiffness. They also report persistent fatigue, even after long periods of rest, as well as sleep problems such as insomnia or non-restorative sleep. In addition, "fibro fog" describes difficulties with concentration and memory, which disrupt patients' daily lives.

Nutritional factors

Nutrition plays an important role in managing fibromyalgia. Studies show that certain nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of magnesium, vitamin D, and Coenzyme Q10, are common in fibromyalgia patients. Magnesium, essential for proper muscle function and pain modulation, can improve some symptoms. Moreover, a diet rich in antioxidants and low in fast sugars helps combat oxidative stress, one of the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Overweight, often associated with fibromyalgia, worsens symptoms. A balanced diet high in fiber and omega-3 helps regulate inflammation and protect the microbiota, which plays a key role in symptom management.

Treatment

Management of fibromyalgia is multidisciplinary and combines pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Antidepressants and anticonvulsants are often prescribed to modulate pain and improve sleep. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), appropriately adapted physical exercise like yoga and swimming, and relaxation techniques, are essential to improve patients' quality of life. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition, but with appropriate management, many patients can improve their quality of life. The growing understanding of underlying mechanisms offers promising avenues for new treatments.