Bone health: the most effective dietary supplements

Bone health depends on a dynamic balance between the formation and resorption of bone tissue, a process called bone remodeling. This constant renewal is regulated by osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation, and osteoclasts, which carry out resorption. This process is influenced by hormonal, nutritional, and mechanical factors. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a key indicator of bone health. It is measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This examination assesses the amount of minerals contained in the bones, allowing the diagnosis of conditions such as osteoporosis. A BMD more than 2.5 standard deviations below the average for young adults indicates bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Bone tissue is supported by a vascular network that provides nutrients and oxygen. Good vascularization is essential for osteogenesis, particularly during growth phases or after a fracture. Regular physical exercise stimulates remodeling and improves bone microarchitecture. Bone weakening, often due to hormonal deficiencies, calcium or vitamin D deficiencies, or a sedentary lifestyle, increases the risk of fractures. The most common fractures are those of the hip, wrist, and vertebrae. Prevention strategies include a calcium-rich diet, sun exposure to promote vitamin D synthesis, and appropriate exercises.