Wrinkles: the most effective dietary supplements

Skin aging is a natural process marked by visible changes such as wrinkles, skin laxity, and the appearance of pigmented spots. This phenomenon is influenced by internal (genetic, hormonal) and external (UV exposure, pollution, tobacco) factors. The skin undergoes a progressive reduction in its elasticity and firmness from the age of 25, although signs become more noticeable from around 35–40 years. Once wrinkles have formed, they never disappear spontaneously, making it essential to prevent them by moisturizing the skin daily and paying attention to nutrition.

Mechanisms of skin aging

It all begins in the dermis, a deep layer of the skin that provides its elasticity, strength, and cohesion. It is based on an extracellular matrix composed of protein fibers, glycoproteins, hyaluronic acid, and water. Collagen (mainly type I) accounts for about 70% of this matrix and forms bundled fibers to ensure the structure and strength of the dermis. Elastin (around 2%) plays a role in the skin's flexibility thanks to its three-dimensional network. These fibers are synthesized by fibroblasts and degraded by enzymes called metalloproteinases. With age and under the effect of UV, the production of matrix metalloproteinases is increased. These enzymes degrade collagen and elastin fibers, thus reducing the density and cohesion of the dermis. At the same time, oxidative stress decreases the ability of fibroblasts to synthesize new collagen fibers. The loss of the skin's natural hydration and the slowdown in cellular regeneration also contribute to the emergence of thinner, more fragile skin. It is also important to emphasize the role of hormonal action (notably estrogens) in the prevention of skin aging. Indeed, estrogens increase fibroblast activity in the dermis, promote collagen synthesis, and stimulate the production of hyaluronic acid, known for its moisturizing properties.

Treatments for skin aging

Management of skin aging relies on strategies combining external and internal care to improve the appearance of the skin and prevent signs of aging. Among external solutions, retinoids (such as retinol) are widely used to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), such as glycolic acid, promote exfoliation, improve skin texture, and increase cell turnover. More advanced treatments include chemical peels and microneedling, which promote skin regeneration by stimulating collagen production. Lasers and intense pulsed light technologies also target pigment irregularities and wrinkles, thereby strengthening skin elasticity. Internally, hydrolyzed collagen has shown promising effects in improving skin hydration and density. Phytoestrogens, found in soy or flaxseeds, contribute to maintaining skin elasticity. Omega-3 fatty acids, derived from fatty fish, offer protection against chronic inflammation and damage from free radicals. Finally, trace elements such as silicon, zinc, and copper play a key role in preventing premature aging by contributing to the quality, integrity, and elasticity of the skin.