Hydroxytyrosol: benefits, dosage, contraindications
Family or group:
Phytosubstances
Indications
Scoring methodology
EFSA approval.
Oxidative stress ✪✪✪✪✪
Several studies have shown that hydroxytyrosol can scavenge peroxynitrite, thereby preventing DNA damage and nitration of protein tyrosine residues; hydroxytyrosol is also able to protect against lipid peroxidation and the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. nnThe health claim, published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), applies only to olive oil that contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (for example, the oleuropein complex and tyrosol) per 20 g of olive oil. nn
Posologie
Orally
5 - 15 mg
Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Effects of postprandial hydroxytyrosol and derivatives on LDL oxidation, cardiometabolic status and gene expression: a nutrigenomic approach for cardiovascular prevention
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to polyphenols in olive and protection of LDL particles from oxidative damage
Lipid balance ✪✪✪✪✪
Hydroxytyrosol is very effective at preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting LDL from oxidation. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has issued a health claim regarding the role of olive oil polyphenols in protecting LDL from oxidation in vivo: "A daily consumption of 20 g of olive oil, which contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (for example, oleuropein and tyrosol) provides the expected beneficial effects."nnFurthermore, olive oil is able not only to increase the resistance of LDL to oxidation, but also to reduce oxidative damage to LDL. Nevertheless, high phenolic content in olive oil could have greater effects than low-phenolic olive oils on reducing LDL oxidation.nnOverall, olive leaf extracts and olive oil may be beneficial in cases of dyslipidemia, particularly with elevated LDL-C, in combination with an appropriate diet and/or cholesterol-lowering treatment.nn
Posologie
Oral administration
5 mg
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to olive polyphenols and the protection of LDL particles from oxidative damage
Effects of Differing Phenolic Content in Dietary Olive Oils on Lipids and LDL Oxidation--A Randomized Controlled Trial
Metabolic syndrome ✪✪✪✪✪
Clinical research shows that hydroxytyrosol may improve insulin sensitivity in middle-aged overweight men who are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome. However, a meta-analysis did not show effects on metabolic syndrome or on the glycemic profile. Most studies compared olive oil to other oils that have already demonstrated beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. Most of the evidence included in the meta-analysis agrees on a beneficial effect of olive oil on the lipid profile. On the other hand, systolic blood pressure could be considerably reduced with consumption of olive oil high in phenolic compounds, mainly hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein.
Posologie
Oral administration
9.7 mg
Cardiovascular benefits of tyrosol and its endogenous conversion into hydroxytyrosol in humans. A randomized, controlled trial
Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with olive oil, oleic acid, or hydroxytyrosol in metabolic syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Olive (Olea Europaea L.) Leaf Polyphenols Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Middle-Aged Overweight Men: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
Atherosclerosis ✪✪✪✪✪
Phenolic compounds in olive oil, such as hydroxytyrosol, are responsible for its antioxidant properties. Hydroxytyrosol not only scavenges radicals, but also stimulates synthesis and increases the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. It limits LDL lipid peroxidation, which has beneficial effects in the prevention of atherosclerosis. nnAccording to a randomized double-blind study, the consumption of hydroxytyrosol and punicalagin (extracted from pomegranates) for 8 weeks could help reduce atherosclerotic markers. Indeed, 105 people aged 45 to 65 years consumed daily 9.9 mg of hydroxytyrosol, combined with 195 mg of punicalagin. This supplementation produced anti-atherogenic effects, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure as well as a decrease in circulating oxidized LDL cholesterol levels.nn
Posologie
Orally
9.9 mg
Synergies
Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Supplementation with Hydroxytyrosol and Punicalagin Improves Early Atherosclerosis Markers Involved in the Asymptomatic Phase of Atherosclerosis in the Adult Population: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
Properties
Cardiovascular
Hydroxytyrosol is highly effective at preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting LDL from oxidation. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has published a health claim concerning the role of olive oil polyphenols in protecting LDL from oxidation in vivo: "a daily consumption of 20 g of olive oil, which contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (for example, oleuropein and tyrosol), provides the expected beneficial effects." Hydroxytyrosol also exerts a beneficial effect on high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Moreover, it has been shown that hydroxytyrosol improves the expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux.
Usages associés
Antioxidant
Thanks to its two hydroxyl groups, hydroxytyrosol provides effective protection against oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells, erythrocytes and hepatocytes, through a reduction in lipid peroxidation, expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte adhesion. Other studies have shown that hydroxytyrosol is capable of scavenging peroxynitrite, thereby preventing DNA damage, and of protecting against lipid peroxidation and oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Additionally, it increases the activity and expression of antioxidant proteins such as glutathione peroxidase.
Usages associés
Hypoglycemic
It has been shown that the improvement in glucose tolerance depends on the concentration of polyphenols and olive oil. Clinical trials regarding the impact of hydroxytyrosol on carbohydrate metabolism are still lacking, but experiments in rodent models of metabolic syndrome are available and suggest that hydroxytyrosol is able to reduce plasma glucose concentration and insulin secretion, which leads to a decrease in insulin resistance.
Usages associés
Anticancer
Hydroxytyrosol has an antiproliferative effect and induces apoptotic cell death through the generation of free radicals in the human colon cancer cells. Furthermore, Hydroxytyrosol has been shown to decrease the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor, which has been associated with a reduction in cell proliferation of human colon cancer cells and decreased tumor growth. The study of Hydroxytyrosol's effect on breast cancer, prostate and colon cell lines revealed antiproliferative activity.
Anti-inflammatory
A beneficial role for Hydroxytyrosol in several inflammatory diseases has been proposed. Hydroxytyrosol may be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, with a significant impact not only on chronic inflammation but also on acute inflammatory processes. The protective effects may be related to inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, Hydroxytyrosol reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines with a considerable blockade of various inflammation-related pathways. Hydroxytyrosol also has the potential to be a chondroprotective compound against osteoarthritis, acting as an inducer of autophagy and sirtuin-1 (an enzymatic protein involved in multiple processes in the body such as inflammation and apoptosis).
Usages associés
Safe dosage
Adults 18 years and older: 5 mg
According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), a daily intake of 20 g of olive oil containing at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (for example, oleuropein and tyrosol) provides the expected beneficial effects.
Interactions
Médicaments
Antidiabetic: moderate interaction
Theoretically, concomitant use of olive could enhance hypoglycemic effects. Monitor blood glucose closely.
Antihypertensive: moderate interaction
Theoretically, concomitant use of olive may enhance the hypotensive effect. Some antihypertensive medications include captopril, enalapril, losartan, valsartan, diltiazem, amlodipine...
Precautions
Pregnant women: avoid
Avoid due to lack of information.
Breastfeeding women: avoid
Avoid due to lack of information.
