Glucosamine: benefits, dosage, contraindications
Other name(s)
Chitosamine, D-Glucosamine, Glucosamine
Scientific name(s)
3-Amino-6-(Hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol sulfate.
Family or group:
Carbohydrates
Active ingredients:
Sulfuric acid
Indications
Scoring methodology
EFSA approval.
Osteoarthritis ✪✪✪✪✪
Clinical studies in adults with knee osteoarthritis show that oral glucosamine sulfate reduces pain by approximately 28% to 41% and improves function by approximately 21% to 46% compared with placebo over a period of up to 3 years. Other clinical research has shown that 1500 mg of glucosamine sulfate once daily for 6 months may be more effective at reducing pain than 1,000 mg of acetaminophen three times a day in patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis. A dose of 1500 mg of glucosamine sulfate has been used for up to 3 years, alone or in combination with 400 mg of chondroitin sulfate, two or three times a day. Slightly higher doses (2,000 mg per day) or lower doses (500 to 1,000 mg per day) have also been used.
Posologie
Orally
500 - 2000 mg
3 - years
Adults, Seniors
Dry extract
Synergies
Glucosamine sulfate reduces osteoarthritis progression in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: evidence from two 3-year studies.
Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulfate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis.
Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate, and the Two in Combination for Painful Knee Osteoarthritis
Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Effect of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a meta-analysis.
Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Effect of glucosamine sulfate on joint space narrowing, pain and function in patients with hip osteoarthritis; subgroup analyses of a randomized controlled trial.
Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta-analysis.
Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating single and combination regimens
Randomized, controlled trial of glucosamine for treating osteoarthritis of the knee.
Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial.
Double-blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulfate in the management of osteoarthrosis of the knee in outpatients.
Structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive meta-analysis.
Total joint replacement after glucosamine sulfate treatment in knee osteoarthritis: results of a mean 8-year observation of patients from two previous 3-year randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
Glucosamine long-term treatment and the progression of knee osteoarthritis: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Skin healing ✪✪✪✪✪
A clinical study in women aged 40 to 60 years with skin hyperpigmentation and lentigines (hyperpigmented macules), mainly due to aging and sun exposure, shows that applying a cream containing 2% N-acetyl glucosamine and 4% niacinamide to the face twice daily with sunscreen for 10 weeks reduces facial hyperpigmentation compared with sunscreen alone. The effect of N-acetyl glucosamine alone is unclear.
Posologie
Topical use
Synergies
Properties
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective activities have been observed in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Indeed, glucosamine is a primary substrate, a stimulator of biosynthesis, and an inhibitor of proteoglycan degradation. It also stimulates synovial production of hyaluronic acid, a compound responsible for the lubricating and shock-absorbing properties of synovial fluid. In vitro studies have shown that glucosamine sulfate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by altering the production of TNF-alpha, interleukins, and prostaglandin E2 in macrophages, as well as suppressing mast cell activation. According to other in vitro research, glucosamine restores proteoglycan synthesis and prevents the production of inflammatory mediators induced by the cytokine IL-1-beta in rat articular chondrocytes.
Usages associés
Gastroprotective
Glycoproteins are important for protecting the intestinal mucosa against damage. The degradation of glycosaminoglycans is a major consequence of inflammation of mucosal surfaces. Abnormalities in colonic glycoprotein synthesis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Antiviral
Glucosamine may have some activity against HIV. Preliminary evidence shows that it inhibits intracellular viral movement and blocks viral replication.
Bone density
It has been reported that glucosamine induces osteoblastic cell differentiation and suppresses osteoclastic cell differentiation, thereby increasing bone matrix deposition and decreasing bone resorption to modulate bone metabolism in osteoarthritis.
Anticancer
In epidemiological research, the use of glucosamine and chondroitin has been associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer and colorectal cancer. The anticancer mechanisms of action are not yet clear.
Dermatologic effect
Glucosamine has been shown to accelerate wound healing, improve skin hydration and reduce wrinkles due to its stimulation of hyaluronic acid synthesis. In addition, as an inhibitor of tyrosinase activation, it inhibits melanin production and is useful in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
Usages associés
Safe dosage
Adult: 500 mg - 2000 mg
Glucosamine sulfate has been used safely in several clinical trials for durations of 4 weeks to 3 years. The typical dosage is 1500 mg of glucosamine.
Interactions
Médicaments
Antidiabetic: weak interaction
Glucosamine may increase insulin resistance or reduce insulin production.
Warfarin: strong interaction
Taking glucosamine alone or in combination with chondroitin may increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin (Coumadin) and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Precautions
Pregnant women: avoid
The use of glucosamine sulfate should be avoided during pregnancy due to a lack of reliable information.
Breastfeeding women: avoid
The use of glucosamine sulfate should be avoided during breastfeeding due to a lack of reliable information.
Asthma: use with caution
Glucosamine may exacerbate asthma through an unidentified allergic mechanism. Use with caution in asthmatic patients.
Type 2 diabetes: use with caution
It is thought that glucosamine sulfate may increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
Glaucoma: use with caution
Use of glucosamine sulfate may increase intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma.
